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Articles

• Generating a backup

• Frontpage Extensions

• Cron jobs

• MIME Types

• Apache handlers

• Manage OpenPGP keys

• HotLink Prevention

• Index Manager

• IP Deny Manager

• Custom Error pages

Generating a backup
You can generate a backup at any time. This is useful if you have just made some changes to the site and you do not want to have to wait for the routine backup (usually daily or weekly) before downloading the backup.

To generate a backup:

Click on the Backup button on the home page.
Click on the Generate/Download a Full Backup link.
Click on the location for the backup from the Backup Destination drop-down list. The following locations are available:
Home Directory - Saves the backup in the public_html level of your site.
Remote Ftp Server - Saves the backup on a specified remote FTP server.
Remote Ftp Server (passive mode transfer) - Saves the backup on a specified remote FTP server that will only accept passive (PASV) mode FTP transfer. Please refer to your hosting administrator or the remote FTP server if you have questions about passive mode transfer.
Enter your e-mail address in the Email Address field. An e-mail will be sent to this address when the backup has completed.
Enter the FTP address, user name, and password in the Remote Server, Remote User, and Remote Password fields if you are saving the backup file at a remote location.
Click on the Generate Backup button. An e-mail will be sent to the specified address when the backup has finished and can be downloaded.
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Frontpage Extensions
Frontpage Extensions allow you to publish your web site using Microsoft Frontpage. These extensions can occasionally become corrupted, so you can uninstall and then reinstall Frontpage Extensions whenever required.

To (re)install Frontpage Extensions:

Click on the Setup Frontpage Extensions button on the home page.
Click on the Install / Reinstall Extensions button.
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Cron jobs
Cron jobs allow you to automate repetitive tasks on the server that hosts your web site. This is a powerful tool that allows you to take a hands-free approach to repetitive tasks. For example, you could add a cron job that automatically copies a MySQL database to a separate location on your site as a backup.

There are two different modes you can use to add a cron job:

Standard - Provides a range of pre-set options that you can choose. This is the simplest method and is recommended.
Advanced (Unix Style) - Provides the regular Unix style cron options. Recommended for users who are used to this method of entering cron entries.

Warning: You need to have a good knowledge of Linux commands before you can use cron jobs effectively. Check your script with your hosting administrator before adding a cron job.

To add or modify a cron job:

Click on the Cron jobs button on the home page.
If you want to use the Standard mode, click on the Standard button.
Enter the e-mail address to send the results of running the cron job in the top field.
Enter the command the you want to run in the Command to run field.
Click on one option from each of the available lists. Click on the Save Crontab button. Your cron job has now been added or updated.

Note: You can always click on the Reset Changes button to change the cron job back to whatever it was before you started entering information.

If you want to use the Advanced mode, click on the Advanced (Unix Style) button.

Enter the times for the cron job in the Minute, Hour, Day, Month, or Weekday fields. Refer to the following page to check exactly how to enter values in these fields - http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-9-Manual/custom-guide/ch-autotasks.html.
Enter the cron job script in the Command field.
Click on the Commit Changes button. Your cron job has now been added or updated.
Note: You can always click on the Reset Changes button to change the cron job back to whatever it was before you started entering information.
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MIME Types
MIME types tell browsers how to handle specific extensions. Most MIME types are set globally on the server. For example, the text/html MIME type equates to htm, html, and shtml extensions on most servers, and this tells your browser to interpret all files with those extensions as HTML files. You can alter or add new MIME types specifically for your site (note that you can not alter the global MIME type values, only add to them). MIME types are often used to handle new technologies as they appear. When WAP technology first appeared no one had these extensions set up on their server. With MIME types, however, you could have set it up yourself and begun serving WAP pages immediately.

Warning: Make sure you check the list of pre-existing MIME types before adding new ones. Check with your hosting administrator before adding a MIME type, as they can easily alter the correct functioning of your web site.

Note: People often get confused as to the difference between MIME types and Apache handlers. Basically, MIME types tell your browser how to handle files, while Apache handlers tell the server how to handle files.

To add a MIME type:

Click on the MIME Types button on the home page.
Enter the MIME type that you want to add in the MIME Type field. Have a look at the list of system-wide MIME types to show you how to add a new one or add to a pre-existing one. Enter the file extension in the Extension(s) field.
Click on the Add button.
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Apache handlers
Apache is an open-source HTTP server, and is used to serve your site. Apache handlers tell the server how to deal with web files that need to be processed on the server. For example, Apache is set up to process files with .pl extensions using Perl. However, if for some reason you also wanted to process files with .script extension using Perl, then you would have to set up a custom Apache handler for your site.

Note: People often get confused as to the difference between MIME types and Apache handlers. Basically, MIME types tell your browser how to handle files, while Apache handlers tell the server how to handle files.

Warning: Check with your hosting administrator before adding an Apache handler, as they can easily alter the correct functioning of your web site.

To add an Apache handler:

Click on the Apache handlers button on the home page.
Enter the file extension in the Extension(s) field. You need to add the . before the extension name.
Enter the Apache handler in the Handler field. Have a look at the list of system-wide Apache handlers to show you how to add a new one or add to a pre-existing one.
Click on the Add button.
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Manage OpenPGP keys
OpenPGP is a tool for secure online communication. CPanel uses GnuPG for its public-key cryptography so that users may communicate securely. Each person gets a pair of keys, called the public key and the private key. Each person's public key is published while the private key is kept secret. Messages are encrypted using the intended recipient's public key and can only be decrypted using their private key. General documentation and comprehensive user guides are available at the GNU Privacy Guard site.

To generate a public and private key:

Click on the Manage OpenPGP Keys button on the home page.
Click on the Add Key link.
Enter your name, e-mail address, and nickname in the Your Name, Your Email, and Comment/NickName fields.
Enter the password for the key in the Key Password field.
Enter the expiry date for the key in the Expiry Date field.
You can suffix the entered number with the following:
y = year
m = month
w = week
d = day
Choose the size of the key that you want to generate in the Key Size field. 1024 bytes is a common size.
Click on the Generate Key button. Note that it may take a few minutes to generate the key, depending on its size.
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HotLink Prevention
Hotlinking is when another web site owner links directly to one or more of your images or multimedia files and includes it on their web page. Not only is this theft of your intellectual property, you are paying for the bandwidth used by that site.

cPanel can prevent hotlinking by only allowing named sites (such as your own web site) to access files on your site.

To prevent hotlinking:

Click on the HotLink Protection button on the home page.
Enter any other addresses that you will allow to access your site other than the provided defaults in the central area.
Enter the protected extensions in the Extensions to allow field. Make sure you separate each extension with a comma.
Enter the address to redirect any hotlinking to in the Url to Redirect to field.
Click on the Allow direct requests tick box if you want to allow direct URL access to non-HTML files, such as images.
Click on the Activate button.
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Index Manager
The Index Manager enables you to control how directories on your web site are displayed. If there is no index.html in a particular directory, the contents of the directory will be displayed to the browser. This is usually undesirable and can cause security issues. You can set the four different options for any directory through the Index Manager:

Default System Setting - Use the system setting for your hosting machine. This is set for all directories by default. No
Indexes - Do not use any indexes. Any browser that accesses this directory will see a list of all files in the directory.
Standard Indexing (text only) - Prevents browsers from viewing the contents of this directory. The browser receives a 403 (Forbidden) error. This option should be used for directories that do not contain image files.
Fancying Indexing (graphics) - Prevents browsers from viewing the contents of this directory. The browser receives a 403 (Forbidden) error. This option should be used for directories that do contain image files.
To change index settings for a directory:

Click on the Index Manager button on the home page.
Navigate to the folder that you want to alter and click on its name.
Click on the radio button next to the option that you want to use for this folder.
Click on the Save button.
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IP Deny Manager
The IP Deny Manager enables you to block access to your web site from specific IP addresses. This is useful to remove nuisance surfers who use a large amount of bandwidth or to prevent hotlinking to your site (refer to HotLink Prevention for more information about hotlinking).

To add an IP address to the IP Deny Manager:

Click on the IP Deny Manager button on the home page.
Enter the IP address that you want to block in the IP Address field.
Click on the Add button
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Custom Error pages
Error pages are displayed to Internet users when any one of a variety of errors occur, such as when a user enters an incorrect URL or is not authorized to access a specific directory in your web site. Companies often customize error pages to brand them with a specific corporate image and a link to their home page. You do not have to customize these pages - the error page is always available, whether customized or not.

Note: Custom error pages that are smaller than 10k in size will not display properly in Internet Explorer. Insert a large amount of text into a comment to create the required size.

To create or modify a customized error page:

Click on the Error pages button on the home page.
Click on the button of the required error page, such as the 403 button.
Enter the HTML code for the error page. You can use the buttons at the top of the page to insert variables into the displayed code.

Example:

404 Not Found

The requested page,-----,is not available.

Click on the Save button.
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